Definition:
υἱός, -οῦ, ὁ, [in LXX very frequently and nearly always for בֵּן, Gen.4:17, al; for בַּר, Dan LXX TH 7:13, al; etc;], a son; 1) in the ordinary sense: Mat.10:37, Mrk.9:17, Luk.1:13, al. mult; omitted with the art. of origin (WM, §30, 3; Bl, §35, 2), τὸν τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, Act.13:22 (LXX); also with genitive anarth. (cl.), Σώπατρος Πύρρου Βεροιαῖος, Act.20:4; with adj, προτότοκος, Luk.2:7; μονογένης, Luk.7:12; opposite to νόθος, Heb.12:8; in a wider sense, of posterity: ὁ υἱ. Δαυΐδ, of the Messiah (cf. Dalman, Words, 316ff; DCG, ii, 653f.), Mat.22:42, 45 Mrk.12:35, 37 Luk.20:41, 44 al; υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ, (cf. υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, Hom, Il., i, 162, al.), Mat.27:9, Act.9:15, al. 2) Metaphorical; (a) as belonging to, being connected with or having the quality of that which follows (a usage mainly due to translation from a Semitic original; cf. Deiss, BS, 161ff; Dalman, Words, 115f; DCG, ii, 652f.): τ. πονεροῦ (διαβόλου), Mat.13:38, Act.13:10; τ. νυμφῶνος (see: νυμφών), Mat.9:15, Mrk.2:19, al; τ. φωτός (Lft, Notes, 74), Luk.16:8, Jhn.12:36, 1Th.5:5; τ. εἰρεήμης, Luk.10:6; γεέννης, Mat.23:15; τ. ἀπωλείας, Jhn.17:12, 2Th.2:3; τ. αἰῶνος τούτου, Luk.16:8 20:34; τ. ἀπειθειάς, Eph.2:2 5:6; βροντῆς, Mrk.3:17; τ. ἀναστάσεως, Luk.20:36; παρακλήσεως, Act.4:36; τ. προφητῶν κ. τ. διαθήκης, Act.3:25; (b) υἱὸς τ. θεοῦ (cf. Dalman, Words, 268ff; Deiss, BS, 166f; DB, iv, 570 ff; DCG, ii, 654ff.), of men, as partakers of the Divine nature and of the life to come: Mat.5:9, Luk.20:36, Rom.8:14 9:26, al; υἱοὶ (κ. θυγατέρες) τ. ὑψίστου, Luk.6:35, 2Co.6:18; in an unique sense of Jesus, Mat.4:3 8:29 28:19, Mrk.3:4, Luk.4:41, Jhn.9:35 11:27, al; ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱ. τ. θεοῦ ζῶντος (τ. εὐλογητοῦ), Mat.16:16, Mrk.14:61; (with) (ὁ) υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (in LXX for Heb. בּן אדם, Aram, בּר אנשׁ; cf. Dalman, Words, 234ff; DB, iv, 579ff; DCG, ii, 659ff; Westc, St. John, i, 74ff; other reff. in Swete, Mk, 2:10), based on the Aram. of Dan.7:13, where the phrase, like the corresponding Heb. (as in Psa.8:5), means a man, one of the species, and indicates the human appearance of the person in question. It is used of the Messiah in Enoch, with 46, §1-4, also in II Est.13:3, 12, al. Our Lord first makes the phrase a title, using the def. art. It seems to combine the ideas of his true humanity and representative character. Exc. in Act.7:56 and (anarth.) Rev.1:13 14:14, it is used of Jesus only by himself: Mat.8:20, Mrk.2:10, Luk.5:24, Jhn.1:52, al. (AS)
Definition:
υἱός, ὁ (written ϝηιός in Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. [
Refs 6th c.BC+] —in earlier _Attic dialect_ and other Inscrr. inflected as a ῠ-stem (like πῆχυς), _nominative_ υἱύς (written
huihus)[
Refs];
dative υἱεῖ: dual υἱεῖ [
Refs 5th c.BC+], written ηυιε in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] are rejected by [
Refs 2nd c.AD+], Thom.Mag.p.367 R, as not
Attic dialect, though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα [
Refs 3rd c.BC+] is
falsa lectio in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is mentioned as a form that would be regular by [
Refs] —Homer uses _nominative_ υἱός (very frequently);
genitive υἱοῦ only in [
Refs 8th c.BC+], elsewhere υἱέο;
dative υἱέϊ or υἱε;
accusative υἱέα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]:
plural,
nominative υἱέες [
Refs 8th c.BC+];
dative υἱοῖσι (ν) only [
Refs 8th c.BC+], belongs solely to later
Epic dialect poets, as [
Refs 3rd c.BC+] (υιυις lapis);
accusative υἱύν [
Refs];
genitive υἱέος [
Refs 6th c.BC+]; but υἱοῦ [
Refs 7th c.BC+];
nominative plural υἱέες [
Refs];
accusative plural υἱύνς [
Refs 8th c.BC+] which have ρα = ṛ, cf. Sanskrit
pitṛ[snull]u); ὑέεσσι [
Refs]; υἷος in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is
nominative rather than
genitive in [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; a
nominative ὑϊς (scanned?~X) [
Refs 6th c.BC+]-in
Attic dialect Inscrr. down to [
Refs 5th c.BC+] reappears under the Empire; in Plato codex A usually has ὑιος, which is found also in T, codex B always has υἱός, editors restore ὑό;
accusative υἱόν is recommended by [
Refs 2nd c.AD+] [same place]; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri, ὑός is at all times less common than υἱός:—ὁ υεἱός [
Refs]:—
son, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα to adopt as
a son, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]; υἱεῖς ἄνδρες grown-up
sons, [
Refs 4th c.BC+] Oracle texts cited in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely of animals, [
NT]
2)
periphrastic, υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, for Ἀχαιοί, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
3) generally,
child, and so υἱ. ἄρρην male
child, [
NT+3rd c.AD+]
4) frequently in [
Refs]
years old, [
LXX]; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας [
Refs]
hostages, [
LXX+NT]
5) in some dialects, including the
Ionic dialect Prose of [
Refs 5th c.BC+] is rare in Trag, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
6) as a general term of affection, [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]; υἱέ, an author's address to the reader, [
LXX]
7) δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος, as titles of honour, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]
8) υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων
sons of men,
periphrastic for
men (compare above 2,4), [
LXX]; οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀ.[
LXX+NT]
man, [
LXX]; of the Messiah,[
LXX+NT]; used by Jesus of himself, [
NT] (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, [
NT]
9) υἱοὶ Θεοῦ
sons of God, implying
inheritors of the nature of God [
NT]; implying
participants in the glory of God, [
Refs]
9.b) of Jesus, τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ [
Refs]; ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, [
NT]
9.c) Θεοῦ υἱός, = Latin [
Refs]
filius, patronymic of Augustus, [
Refs 4th c.BC+]. [Hom.sometimes has the first syllable short in
nominative,
vocative and
accusative singular, οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; Simon. [prev. cited] seems to have used a
monosyllable nominative υἷς, and Hdn.Gr. may have read it as ὕις, but this is uncertain, as in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] does not occur.] (Prob. from
*sū-yú-s, cf. Sanskrit
sūte 'procreate', Tocharian (A-
dialogue)
se, (B-
dialogue)
soyä 'son'; different suffix in
*sū-nu-s, Sanskrit
sūnūs, etc, and in
*s[ucaron]-nu-s, O[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
sunu, etc. (all =
son);
*sūyú- perhaps became
*s[ucaron]wyú, then
*suiwú; υἱός and υἱόν perhaps by dissimilation from υἱύς υἱύν, since the o-stem forms appear first where υ-υ would otherwise be repeated; ὗϊς (ὑΐς) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin of υἷος υἷι υἷες etc. is uncertain.)