περί, Thess, Delph. περ [
Refs 5th c.BC+], also
Aeolic dialect, see below [
Refs 4th c.BC+] V; Elean παρ [
Refs]:
preposition with
genitive,
dative, and
accusative:—
round about, all round (properly different from ἀμφί,
on both sides). (Cogn. with Sanskrit
pári 'round about'.)
A) WITH GENITIVE,
A.I) of Place, sometimes in Poets,
round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς [
Refs 8th c.BC+],
on both sides, see at {περιβαίνω} [
Refs]
A.I.2)
about near, π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα [
Refs]
A.II) to denote the object
about or
for which one does something:
A.II.1) with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός
for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought
about, π. τῶνδε
for these prizes, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was
for my life, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend
about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.2) with words which denote care or anxiety,
about, on account of, π. Τρώων. μερμηρίζειν [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σο; so with you it is a question
of drink? [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.3) with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc,
about, concerning, π. νόστου ἄκουσα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.II.4) of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought
for very enmity, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
A.II.5)
about, in regard to, μεμηνυμένος π. τινός [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose frequently without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τινός
the circumstances of, [
Refs]; οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (i.e. ἔχει) [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον
as for reserving the corn, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
as to number, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι. [
Refs]
A.III)
before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in
Epic dialect, π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων [
Refs 8th c.BC+] in understanding to be
beyond them, [
Refs 8th c.BC+] —In this sense π. is sometimes adverbial, and the
genitive is absent, see below [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.IV) in [
Refs 5th c.BC+] it is
of much
consequence, worth much, to us, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them
for, i.e.
worth, much, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
A.V)
Aeolic dialect περί and περ ={ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς. δίννεντες πτέρα} [
Refs 7th c.BC+]; περ κεφάλας probably in [
Refs 7th c.BC+]; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid
on my
behalf, PCair. Zen.[
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
B) WITH DATIVE (in
Attic dialect Prose mostly in
signification [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I) of Place,
round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc, ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί[
Refs 8th c.BC+]; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary
by grasping the spear,[
Refs]: rarely in Trag, π. βρέτει πλεχθείς [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.I.2) in Poets, also,
around a weapon, i. e.
spitted upon it,
transfixed by it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.I.3) of a warrior
standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῷ βαῖν᾽, ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
B.II) of an object
for or
about which one struggles (compare above [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.II.2) with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (compare above [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
B.II.3) generally, of the cause or occasion,
on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, variant for{ὑπὸ καπνοῦ} in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
for fear, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τιμᾷ
in honour or praise, [
Refs]; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, [
Refs 4th c.BC+] —but π. θυμῷ is
falsa lectio in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C) WITH ACCUSATIVE,
C.I) of Place, properly of the object
round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking
round the pit, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα [
Refs 8th c.BC+]: also of extension
round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν
somewhere near it, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. λίθον πεσών
upon it, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse
upon themselves, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many
to one, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is
imputable to him who, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
substantive only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight
off Lesbos, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
C.I.2) of persons who are
about one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias
and his colleagues, [
Refs]; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so
and his family, [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]; later οἱ π. τινά,
periphrastic for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, [
Refs 1st c.AD+]; compare ἀμφί C. 1.3.
C.I.3) of the object
about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; later mostly εἶναι π. τι, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett.[
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in
periphrastic phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] ministers of the mysteries, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.I.4)
round or
about a place, and so
in, π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν
in his heart, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι [
Refs 2nd c.BC+]
C.I.5)
about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, of all relations,
about, concerning, in respect of, π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει [
Refs 5th c.BC+];
as to [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
adjective, ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά[
Refs]; also in place of a
genitive, οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches
of L, [
Refs]; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism
of P, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose, to denote circumstances
connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the
works at Mount Athos, [
Refs]; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval
affairs, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (variant for{τῆς ναυμαχίας}) the
events of, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.II) of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς
about the time of lamp-lighting, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μέσας νύκτας
about midnight, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς[
Refs 5th c.BC+]
C.II.2) of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα
about seventy, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
D) Position: π. may follow its
substantive, when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι [
Refs 8th c.BC+] only once uses it
before its
genitive, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
E) περί
absolutely, as
adverb,
around, about, also,
near, by, frequently in [
Refs 8th c.BC+]
round about, [
Refs 3rd c.BC+]
E.II)
before or
above others [
Refs 4th c.BC+],
exceedingly, only
Epic dialect, in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
E.II.2) π. does not suffer anastrophe in the
Epic dialect phrase π. κῆρι
right heartily, π. κῆρι φίλησε [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο[
Refs 8th c.BC+]
E.II.3) for περὶ πρό, see at {περιπρό}.
E.II.4) περὶ κάτω bottom
upwards, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
F) IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), all its chief senses recur, especially
F.I) extension in all directions as from a centre,
all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
F.II) completion of an orbit and return to the same point,
about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι
ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
F.III) a going over or beyond,
above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω see, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.
F.IV) generally, a strengthening of the simple notion,
beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Latin
per.
F.V) the notion of
double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic
compound, περιδέξιος (which see).
G) PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] near the end; περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; in Comedy texts and codices of Prose writers only in
participle of περίειμι (εἶμι
ibo) (which see):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Comedy texts, περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, [
Refs 5th c.BC+] {περιαγαπάζομαι}:—
Aeolic dialect περρ for the sake of meter, see [
Refs 4th c.BC+]