κἄν (not κᾄν), by crasis,
I) for καὶ ἄν, variant in [
Refs 8th c.BC+] is simply
copulative, [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; but frequently when καί is
intensive, ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη
even a great thing, [
Refs 8th c.BC+]; sometimes repeated after or before a Verb with ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ, εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν, βελτίων ἂν γένοιο [
Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently in the phrase κ. εἰ, where καί properly belongs to εἰ,
even if, and ἄν to the Verb that follows in apodosi, νῦν δέ μοι δοκεῖ, κ. ἀσέβειαν εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, τὰ προσήκοντα ποιεῖν (for καὶ εἰ καταγιγνώσκοι, ποιεῖν ἄν) [
Refs 4th c.BC+]
I.2) even when the Verb in apodosi was of a tense that could not be joined with ἄν, κ. εἰ πολλαὶ [αἱ ἀρεταί]. εἰσιν, ἕν γέ τι εἶδος ταὐτὸν ἅπασαι ἔχουσι [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.3) in later Gr. without εἰ, simply as a stronger form of καί,
even, εἴσελθε κ. νῦν [
NT+5th c.BC+]; κ. νῦν now
at any rate, [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]; κἂν ὧς
even so,
nevertheless, [
Refs 3rd c.AD+]; οἷς οὐδὲ κ. ὄνος ὑπῆρξε πώποτε [
Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II) for καὶ ἄν (ἐάν),
even if, with the same moods as ἐάν, [
Refs 5th c.BC+], and so probably in [
Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2) κἄν, κἄν,
whether, or, κἂν μεγάλην πόλιν οἰκῶσι κἂν μικράν [
Refs 4th c.BC+]