Exodus 22
1 Yahweh also said, “If someone steals a bull or a sheep, and then slaughters it [to sell it or to sacrifice it] or sells its [meat to someone else], he must pay five bulls for the bull [that he stole], and [he must pay] four sheep for the sheep [that he stole].
Se uno ruba un bue o una pecora e li ammazza o li vende, restituirà cinque buoi per il bue e quattro pecore per la pecora.
2 If a thief is caught while he is breaking into someone else’s house [at night], if [the one who catches him] kills the thief, he is not guilty of murdering him.
Se il ladro, còlto nell’atto di fare uno scasso, è percosso e muore, non v’è delitto d’omicidio.
3 But if that happens during the daytime, [the one who killed the thief] is guilty of murdering him. The thief must pay for what he stole. If he has no [animals with which to pay for the one that he stole], he must be sold to [become someone’s else’s slave and the money must be used] to pay for what he stole.
Se il sole era levato quand’avvenne il fatto, vi sarà delitto d’omicidio. Il ladro dovrà risarcire il danno; se non ha di che risarcirlo, sarà venduto per ciò che ha rubato.
4 If the thief still has the animal when he is caught, whether it is a bull or a donkey or a sheep, and it is still alive, the thief must give back [the stolen animal as well as giving] two [additional] animals for each one that he stole.
Se il furto, bue o asino o pecora che sia gli è trovato vivo nelle mani, restituirà il doppio.
5 If someone allows his animals to (graze/eat the grass) in his field or in his vineyard, and if they stray away and eat the crops in another person’s field, the owner of the animals must pay [the owner of those crops] by giving him the best crops from his own field or vineyard.
Se uno arrecherà de’ danni a un campo altrui o ad una vigna, lasciando andare le sue bestie a pascere nel campo altrui risarcirà il danno col meglio del suo campo e col meglio della sua vigna.
6 Suppose someone starts a fire in his own field, and the fire spreads through the grass and starts burning in someone else’s field, and the fire burns grain that is growing or grain that is already [cut and] stacked. Then the person who started the fire must pay completely for the damage.
Se divampa un fuoco e s’attacca alle spine sì che ne sia distrutto il grano in covoni o il grano in piedi o il campo, chi avrà acceso il fuoco dovrà risarcire il danno.
7 Suppose someone gives to another person some money or other valuable goods and asks him to guard them [in his house for a while]. If those things are stolen from that person’s house, if the thief is caught, he must pay back twice [as much as he stole].
Se uno affida al suo vicino del danaro o degli oggetti da custodire, e questi siano rubati dalla casa di quest’ultimo, se il ladro si trova, restituirà il doppio.
8 But if the thief is not caught, the owner of the house [from which the things were stolen] must stand before the judges, so that the judges can determine whether [the owner of the house] was the one who took the other man’s goods [and sold them to someone else].
Se il ladro non si trova, il padrone della casa comparirà davanti a Dio per giurare che non ha messo la mano sulla roba del suo vicino.
9 If two people argue about which one of them owns a bull or a donkey or a sheep or some clothing, or something else that has been lost, the two people who each claim/say that the item belongs to them must stand before the judges. The one whom the judges declare is lying must pay back [to the real owner] twice as many bulls or donkeys or sheep or pieces of clothing.
In ogni caso di delitto, sia che si tratti d’un bue o d’un asino o d’una pecora o d’un vestito o di qualunque oggetto perduto del quale uno dica: “E’ questo qui!” la causa d’ambedue le parti verrà davanti a Dio; colui che Dio condannerà, restituirà il doppio al suo prossimo.
10 Suppose someone gives his donkey or bull or sheep or some other animal to someone else and asks him to take care of it [for a while], and the animal dies or is injured or is stolen while no one is watching.
Se uno dà in custodia al suo vicino un asino o un bue o una pecora o qualunque altra bestia, ed essa muore o resta stroppiata o è portata via senza che ci sian testimoni,
11 Then the person [who was taking care of the animal] must (swear/solemnly declare), knowing that God is listening, that he did not steal the animal. If he did not steal it the owner of the animal must accept/believe that the other person is telling the truth, and the other person will not have to pay anything back to the owner.
interverrà fra le due parti il giuramento dell’Eterno per sapere se colui che avea la bestia in custodia non ha messo la mano sulla roba del suo vicino. Il padrone della bestia si contenterà del giuramento, e l’altro non sarà tenuto a rifacimento di danni.
12 But if the animal was stolen [while he was supposed to be taking care of it], the man who promised to take care of it must pay back the owner for the animal.
Ma se la bestia gli è stata rubata, egli dovrà risarcire del danno il padrone d’essa.
13 If [he says that] the animal was killed by wild animals, he must bring back the remains of the animal that was killed and show it to the animal’s owner. If he does that, he will not have to pay anything for the animal.
Se la bestia è stata sbranata, la produrrà come prova, e non sarà tenuto a risarcimento per la bestia sbranata.
14 If someone borrows an animal, and if that animal is hurt or dies when its owner is not there, the one who borrowed it must pay the owner for the animal.
Se uno prende in prestito dal suo vicino una bestia, e questa resti stroppiata o muoia essendo assente il padrone d’essa, egli dovrà rifare il danno.
15 But if that happens when the owner of the animal is there, the one who borrowed it will not have to pay back anything. If the man who borrowed it only rented it, the money that he paid to rent it will be enough to pay for the animal [dying or being injured].”
Se il padrone è presente, non v’è luogo a rifacimento di danni; se la bestia è stata presa a nolo, essa è compresa nel prezzo del nolo.
16 “If a man persuades a girl/woman to have sex with him, a girl/woman who (is a virgin/has never had sex with any man) and who is not engaged to be married, he must pay the bride price for her and marry her.
Se uno seduce una fanciulla non ancora fidanzata e si giace con lei, dovrà pagare la sua dote e prenderla per moglie.
17 But if her father refuses to allow her to marry him, he must pay to the woman’s father the amount of money that is equal to the amount of bride price money that men pay for virgins.
Se il padre di lei rifiuta del tutto di dargliela, paghi la somma che si suol dare per le fanciulle.
18 You must execute any woman who (practices sorcery/is a shaman).
Non lascerai vivere la strega.
19 You must execute any person who has sex with an animal.
Chi s’accoppia con una bestia dovrà esser messo a morte.
20 You [must offer sacrifices] only to Yahweh. You must execute anyone who offers a sacrifice to any [other] god.
Chi offre sacrifizi ad altri dèi, fuori che all’Eterno solo, sarà sterminato come anatema.
21 You must not mistreat a foreigner [who comes to live among you]. Do not forget that you were previously foreigners in Egypt.
Non maltratterai lo straniero e non l’opprimerai; perché anche voi foste stranieri nel paese d’Egitto.
22 You must not mistreat any widow or any orphan.
Non affliggerete alcuna vedova, ne alcun orfano.
23 If you mistreat them and they cry out to me [for help], I will hear them.
Se in qualche modo li affliggi, ed essi gridano a me, io udrò senza dubbio il loro grido;
24 And I will be angry with you, and I will cause you to be killed in a war [MTY]. Your wives will become widows, and your children will no longer have fathers.
la mia ira s’accenderà, e io vi ucciderò con la spada; e le vostre mogli saranno vedove, e i vostri figliuoli orfani.
25 If you lend money to any of my people who are poor, do not act like a moneylender and require him to pay interest on the money.
Se tu presti del danaro a qualcuno del mio popolo, al povero ch’è teco, non lo tratterai da usuraio; non gl’imporrai interesse.
26 If he gives you his cloak to guarantee [that he will pay the money back], you must give the cloak back to him before the sun goes down,
Se prendi in pegno il vestito del tuo prossimo, glielo renderai prima che tramonti il sole;
27 because he needs it to keep him warm [during the night]. (That is the only covering that poor people have when they sleep at night./What else will he cover himself with during the night?) [RHQ] [If you do not act mercifully toward him by returning his cloak], when he cries out to me asking for my help, I will help him, because I [always act] mercifully.
perché esso è l’unica sua coperta, è la veste con cui si avvolge il corpo. Su che dormirebb’egli? E se avverrà ch’egli gridi a me, io l’udrò; perché sono misericordioso.
28 Do not (revile/speak evil about) me, and do not (curse/ask me to do harmful things to) any ruler of your people.
Non bestemmierai contro Dio, e non maledirai il principe del tuo popolo.
29 (Do not withhold from/Give) me the best parts of the grain that you harvest and of the olive oil and the wine that you produce.
Non indugerai a offrirmi il tributo dell’abbondanza delle tue raccolte e di ciò che cola dai tuoi strettoi. Mi darai il primogenito de’ tuoi figliuoli.
30 You must dedicate your firstborn sons to me. Similarly, your firstborn [male] cattle and sheep belong to me. After those animals are born, allow them to stay with their mothers for seven days. On the eighth day, offer them to me [as a sacrifice].
Lo stesso farai del tuo grosso e del tuo minuto bestiame: il loro primo parto rimarrà sette giorni presso la madre; l’ottavo giorno, me lo darai.
31 You are people who are (completely dedicated to/set apart for) me. [And I detest] the meat of any animal that has been killed by wild animals. Therefore you should not eat such meat. Instead, throw it where the dogs [can eat it].”
Voi mi sarete degli uomini santi; non mangerete carne di bestia trovata sbranata nei campi; gettatela ai cani.
