to shudder

Greek Verb

φρίσσω (Att. -ττω, and so 4Ma.14:9 4Mac 17:7) [in LXX: Job.4:15 (pi.), etc;] 1) to be rough, bristle. 2) to shiver, shudder, tremble, from fear: Jas.2:19 (see Hort, in l). (AS)

to shudder

Greek Verb

φρίσσω, Attic dialect φρίττω [Refs 5th c.BC+]: future φρίξω [Refs 2nd c.AD+]: aorist ἔφριξα [Refs 8th c.BC+]: perfect πέφρῑκα [Refs]; poetry participle πεφρίκοντες [Refs 5th c.BC+]: pluperfect ἐπεφρίκει [Refs 1st c.AD+] —middle, aorist 1 ἐφριξάμην falsa lectio in [Refs 8th c.BC+]:—to be rough or uneven on the surface, bristle, φρίσσουσιν ἄρουραι (i.e. σταχύεσσι) [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of a line of battle, ἔφριξεν μάχη ἐγχείῃσιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; φρίξας εὐλόφῳ σφηκώματι, of the crest of a helmet, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a tree, φρίσσουσα ζεφύροις [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χερσὶ δεξιωνύμοις ἔφριξεν αἰθήρ, of a crowd holding up their hands to vote, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; of hair, mane, or bristles, bristle up, stand on end, μηδ᾽ ὀρθαὶ φρίσσωσιν [τρίχες] [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of foliage, φύλλα πεφρικότα, opposed to κεκλιμένα, [Refs 4th c.BC+] having set up his bristly mane, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; φ. νῶτον, αὐχένας, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; also πτεροῖσι νῶτα πεφρίκοντες bristling on their backs with feathers, [Refs 5th c.BC+] 2) ἄσθματι φρίσσων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, uncertain reading in [Refs 5th c.BC+] 3) of the rippling surface of smooth water [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of breakers, ῥηγμῖνες φ. [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; also of rain, φρίσσοντες ὄμβροι [Refs 5th c.BC+] II) frequently of a feeling of chill, shiver, shudder: II.1) of the effect of cold, shiver, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; χωρὶς τοῦ φρῖξαι unless he catch a chill, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of the teeth, chatter, [Refs 1st c.BC+] II.2) of the effect of fear, shudder, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἅλω δὲ πολλὴν. ἔφριζα δινήσαντος I shuddered when he swung the vast shield round, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐ φρίττουσιν (i.e. animals) ὡς φρίττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι [Refs 1st c.BC+]: with accusative, shudder at one, οἵ τέ σε πεφρίκασι [Refs 8th c.BC+]infinitive, πέφρικα. Ἐρινὺν τελέσαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing, [Refs 4th c.BC+] they shall shudder at the oars is falsa lectio for{φρύξουσι} in Oracle texts cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]participle, πέφρικα λεύσσων I shudder at seeing, [Refs 4th c.BC+]: with infinitive, fear to do, [Refs 4th c.BC+] II.3) feel a holy thrill or awe at, ἐν ἱερῷ φ. ἅπαντα καὶ προσκυνεῖν [Refs 1st c.AD+] II.4) thrill with passionate joy, ἔφριξ᾽ ἔρωτι [Refs 5th c.BC+].—Rare in early Prose, except in the sense of shuddering, fearing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]

Greek

Verb

to "bristle" or chill, i.e. shudder (fear); tremble; apparently a primary verb