< اَلتَّكْوِينُ 41 >

وَحَدَثَ مِنْ بَعْدِ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنَ ٱلزَّمَانِ أَنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ رَأَى حُلْمًا: وَإِذَا هُوَ وَاقِفٌ عِنْدَ ٱلنَّهْرِ، ١ 1
And it came to pass at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed: and, behold, he stood by the river.
وَهُوَذَا سَبْعُ بَقَرَاتٍ طَالِعَةٍ مِنَ ٱلنَّهْرِ حَسَنَةِ ٱلْمَنْظَرِ وَسَمِينَةِ ٱللَّحْمِ، فَٱرْتَعَتْ فِي رَوْضَةٍ. ٢ 2
And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured cows and fatfleshed; and they fed in a meadow.
ثُمَّ هُوَذَا سَبْعُ بَقَرَاتٍ أُخْرَى طَالِعَةٍ وَرَاءَهَا مِنَ ٱلنَّهْرِ قَبِيحَةِ ٱلْمَنْظَرِ وَرَقِيقَةِ ٱللَّحْمِ، فَوَقَفَتْ بِجَانِبِ ٱلْبَقَرَاتِ ٱلْأُولَى عَلَى شَاطِئِ ٱلنَّهْرِ، ٣ 3
And, behold, seven other cows came up after them out of the river, ill favoured and leanfleshed; and stood by the other cows upon the brink of the river.
فَأَكَلَتِ ٱلْبَقَرَاتُ ٱلْقَبِيحَةُ ٱلْمَنْظَرِ وَٱلرَّقِيقَةُ ٱللَّحْمِ ٱلْبَقَرَاتِ ٱلسَّبْعَ ٱلْحَسَنَةَ ٱلْمَنْظَرِ وَٱلسَّمِينَةَ. وَٱسْتَيْقَظَ فِرْعَوْنُ. ٤ 4
And the ill favoured and leanfleshed cows ate up the seven well favoured and fat cows. So Pharaoh awoke.
ثُمَّ نَامَ فَحَلُمَ ثَانِيَةً: وَهُوَذَا سَبْعُ سَنَابِلَ طَالِعَةٍ فِي سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ سَمِينَةٍ وَحَسَنَةٍ. ٥ 5
And he slept and dreamed the second time: and, behold, seven ears of grain came up upon one stalk, fat and good.
ثُمَّ هُوَذَا سَبْعُ سَنَابِلَ رَقِيقَةٍ وَمَلْفُوحَةٍ بِٱلرِّيحِ ٱلشَّرْقِيَّةِ نَابِتَةٍ وَرَاءَهَا. ٦ 6
And, behold, seven thin ears and parched with the east wind sprung up after them.
فَٱبْتَلَعَتِ ٱلسَّنَابِلُ ٱلرَّقِيقَةُ ٱلسَّنَابِلَ ٱلسَّبْعَ ٱلسَّمِينَةَ ٱلْمُمْتَلِئَةَ. وَٱسْتَيْقَظَ فِرْعَوْنُ، وَإِذَا هُوَ حُلْمٌ. ٧ 7
And the seven thin ears devoured the seven fat and full ears. And Pharaoh awoke, and, behold, it was a dream.
وَكَانَ فِي ٱلصَّبَاحِ أَنَّ نَفْسَهُ ٱنْزَعَجَتْ، فَأَرْسَلَ وَدَعَا جَمِيعَ سَحَرَةِ مِصْرَ وَجَمِيعَ حُكَمَائِهَا. وَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فِرْعَوْنُ حُلْمَهُ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَنْ يُعَبِّرُهُ لِفِرْعَوْنَ. ٨ 8
And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all its wise men: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none that could interpret them to Pharaoh.
ثُمَّ كَلَّمَ رَئِيسُ ٱلسُّقَاةِ فِرْعَوْنَ قَائِلًا: «أَنَا أَتَذَكَّرُ ٱلْيَوْمَ خَطَايَايَ. ٩ 9
Then spoke the chief butler to Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults this day:
فِرْعَوْنُ سَخَطَ عَلَى عَبْدَيْهِ، فَجَعَلَنِي فِي حَبْسِ بَيْتِ رَئِيسِ ٱلشُّرَطِ أَنَا وَرَئِيسَ ٱلْخَبَّازِينَ. ١٠ 10
Pharaoh was furious with his servants, and put me in custody in the captain of the guard’s house, both me and the chief baker:
فَحَلُمْنَا حُلْمًا فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ أَنَا وَهُوَ. حَلُمْنَا كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ بِحَسَبِ تَعْبِيرِ حُلْمِهِ. ١١ 11
And we dreamed a dream in one night, I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream.
وَكَانَ هُنَاكَ مَعَنَا غُلَامٌ عِبْرَانِيٌّ عَبْدٌ لِرَئِيسِ ٱلشُّرَطِ، فَقَصَصْنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَعَبَّرَ لَنَا حُلْمَيْنَا. عَبَّرَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ بِحَسَبِ حُلْمِهِ. ١٢ 12
And there was there with us a young man, an Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams; to each man according to his dream he interpreted.
وَكَمَا عَبَّرَ لَنَا هَكَذَا حَدَثَ. رَدَّنِي أَنَا إِلَى مَقَامِي، وَأَمَّا هُوَ فَعَلَّقَهُ». ١٣ 13
And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he restored to my office, and him he hanged.
فَأَرْسَلَ فِرْعَوْنُ وَدَعَا يُوسُفَ، فَأَسْرَعُوا بِهِ مِنَ ٱلسِّجْنِ. فَحَلَقَ وَأَبْدَلَ ثِيَابَهُ وَدَخَلَ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ. ١٤ 14
Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon: and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment, and came before Pharaoh.
فَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ لِيُوسُفَ: «حَلُمْتُ حُلْمًا وَلَيْسَ مَنْ يُعَبِّرُهُ. وَأَنَا سَمِعْتُ عَنْكَ قَوْلًا، إِنَّكَ تَسْمَعُ أَحْلَامًا لِتُعَبِّرَهَا». ١٥ 15
And Pharaoh said to Joseph, I have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard it said of thee, that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it.
فَأَجَابَ يُوسُفُ فِرْعَوْنَ قَائِلًا: «لَيْسَ لِي. ٱللهُ يُجِيبُ بِسَلَامَةٍ فِرْعَوْنَ». ١٦ 16
And Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, It is not in me: God shall give Pharaoh an answer of peace.
فَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ لِيُوسُفَ: «إِنِّي كُنْتُ فيِ حُلْمِي وَاقِفًا عَلَى شَاطِئِ ٱلنَّهْرِ، ١٧ 17
And Pharaoh said to Joseph, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the bank of the river:
وَهُوَذَا سَبْعُ بَقَرَاتٍ طَالِعَةٍ مِنَ ٱلنَّهْرِ سَمِينَةِ ٱللَّحْمِ وَحَسَنَةَ ٱلصُّورَةِ، فَٱرْتَعَتْ فِي رَوْضَةٍ. ١٨ 18
And, behold, there came out of the river seven cows, fatfleshed and well favoured; and they fed in a meadow:
ثُمَّ هُوَذَا سَبْعُ بَقَرَاتٍ أُخْرَى طَالِعَةٍ وَرَاءَهَا مَهْزُولَةً وَقَبِيحَةَ ٱلصُّورَةِ جِدًّا وَرَقِيقَةَ ٱللَّحْمِ. لَمْ أَنْظُرْ فِي كُلِّ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ مِثْلَهَا فِي ٱلْقَبَاحَةِ. ١٩ 19
And, behold, seven other cows came out after them, poor and very ill favoured and leanfleshed, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for badness:
فَأَكَلَتِ ٱلْبَقَرَاتُ ٱلرَّقِيقَةُ وَٱلْقَبِيحَةُ ٱلْبَقَرَاتِ ٱلسَّبْعَ ٱلْأُولَى ٱلسَّمِينَةَ. ٢٠ 20
And the lean and the ill favoured cows ate up the first seven fat cows:
فَدَخَلَتْ أَجْوَافَهَا، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّهَا دَخَلَتْ فِي أَجْوَافِهَا، فَكَانَ مَنْظَرُهَا قَبِيحًا كَمَا فِي ٱلْأَوَّلِ. وَٱسْتَيْقَظْتُ. ٢١ 21
And when they had eaten them up, it could not be known that they had eaten them; but they were still ill favoured, as at the beginning. So I awoke.
ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ فِي حُلْمِي وَهُوَذَا سَبْعُ سَنَابِلَ طَالِعَةٌ فِي سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ مُمْتَلِئَةً وَحَسَنَةً. ٢٢ 22
And I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears came up on one stalk, full and good:
ثُمَّ هُوَذَا سَبْعُ سَنَابِلَ يَابِسَةً رَقِيقَةً مَلْفُوحَةً بِٱلرِّيحِ ٱلشَّرْقِيَّةِ نَابِتَةٌ وَرَاءَهَا. ٢٣ 23
And, behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and parched with the east wind, sprung up after them:
فَٱبْتَلَعَتِ ٱلسَّنَابِلُ ٱلرَّقِيقَةُ ٱلسَّنَابِلَ ٱلسَّبْعَ ٱلْحَسَنَةَ. فَقُلْتُ لِلسَّحَرَةِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مَنْ يُخْبِرُنِي». ٢٤ 24
And the thin ears devoured the seven good ears: and I told this to the magicians; but there was none that could make known the meaning of it to me.
فَقَالَ يُوسُفُ لِفِرْعَوْنَ: «حُلْمُ فِرْعَوْنَ وَاحِدٌ. قَدْ أَخْبَرَ ٱللهُ فِرْعَوْنَ بِمَا هُوَ صَانِعٌ. ٢٥ 25
And Joseph said to Pharaoh, The dream of Pharaoh is one: God hath showed Pharaoh what he is about to do.
اَلْبَقَرَاتُ ٱلسَّبْعُ ٱلْحَسَنَةُ هِيَ سَبْعُ سِنِينَ، وَٱلسَّنَابِلُ ٱلسَّبْعُ ٱلْحَسَنَةُ هِيَ سَبْعُ سِنِينَ. هُوَ حُلْمٌ وَاحِدٌ. ٢٦ 26
The seven good cows are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years: the dream is one.
وَٱلْبَقَرَاتُ ٱلسَّبْعُ ٱلرَّقِيقَةُ ٱلْقَبِيحَةُ ٱلَّتِي طَلَعَتْ وَرَاءَهَا هِيَ سَبْعُ سِنِينَ، وَٱلسَّنَابِلُ ٱلسَّبْعُ ٱلْفَارِغَةُ ٱلْمَلْفُوحَةُ بِٱلرِّيحِ ٱلشَّرْقِيَّةِ تَكُونُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ جُوعًا. ٢٧ 27
And the seven thin and ill favoured cows that came up after them are seven years; and the seven empty ears blighted with the east wind shall be seven years of famine.
هُوَ ٱلْأَمْرُ ٱلَّذِي كَلَّمْتُ بِهِ فِرْعَوْنَ. قَدْ أَظْهَرَ ٱللهُ لِفِرْعَوْنَ مَا هُوَ صَانِعٌ. ٢٨ 28
This is the thing which I have spoken to Pharaoh: What God is about to do he showeth to Pharaoh.
هُوَذَا سَبْعُ سِنِينَ قَادِمَةٌ شِبَعًا عَظِيمًا فِي كُلِّ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. ٢٩ 29
Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt:
ثُمَّ تَقُومُ بَعْدَهَا سَبْعُ سِنِينَ جُوعًا، فَيُنْسَى كُلُّ ٱلشِّبَعِ فِي أَرْضِ مِصْرَ وَيُتْلِفُ ٱلْجُوعُ ٱلْأَرْضَ. ٣٠ 30
And there shall arise after them seven years of famine; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt; and the famine shall consume the land;
وَلَا يُعْرَفُ ٱلشِّبَعُ فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ ٱلْجُوعِ بَعْدَهُ، لِأَنَّهُ يَكُونُ شَدِيدًا جِدًّا. ٣١ 31
And the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of the famine following; for it shall be very grievous.
وَأَمَّا عَنْ تَكْرَارِ ٱلْحُلْمِ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، فَلِأَنَّ ٱلْأَمْرَ مُقَرَّرٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ ٱللهِ، وَٱللهُ مُسْرِعٌ لِيَصْنَعَهُ. ٣٢ 32
And for that the dream was doubled to Pharaoh twice; it is because the thing is established by God, and God will shortly bring it to pass.
«فَٱلْآنَ لِيَنْظُرْ فِرْعَوْنُ رَجُلًا بَصِيرًا وَحَكِيمًا وَيَجْعَلْهُ عَلَى أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. ٣٣ 33
Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise, and set him over the land of Egypt.
يَفْعَلْ فِرْعَوْنُ فَيُوَكِّلْ نُظَّارًا عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ، وَيَأْخُذْ خُمْسَ غَلَّةِ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ فِي سَبْعِ سِنِي ٱلشِّبَعِ، ٣٤ 34
Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land, and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years.
فَيَجْمَعُونَ جَمِيعَ طَعَامِ هَذِهِ ٱلسِّنِينَ ٱلْجَيِّدَةِ ٱلْقَادِمَةِ، وَيَخْزِنُونَ قَمْحًا تَحْتَ يَدِ فِرْعَوْنَ طَعَامًا فِي ٱلْمُدُنِ وَيَحْفَظُونَهُ. ٣٥ 35
And let them gather all the food of those good years that come, and lay up grain under the hand of Pharaoh, and let them keep food in the cities.
فَيَكُونُ ٱلطَّعَامُ ذَخِيرَةً لِلْأَرْضِ لِسَبْعِ سِنِي ٱلْجُوعِ ٱلَّتِي تَكُونُ فِي أَرْضِ مِصْرَ، فَلَا تَنْقَرِضُ ٱلْأَرْضُ بِٱلْجُوعِ». ٣٦ 36
And that food shall be for reserve for the land against the seven years of famine, which shall be in the land of Egypt; that the land may not perish through the famine.
فَحَسُنَ ٱلْكَلَامُ فِي عَيْنَيْ فِرْعَوْنَ وَفِي عُيُونِ جَمِيعِ عَبِيدِهِ. ٣٧ 37
And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.
فَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ لِعَبِيدِهِ: «هَلْ نَجِدُ مِثْلَ هَذَا رَجُلًا فِيهِ رُوحُ ٱللهِ؟» ٣٨ 38
And Pharaoh said to his servants, Can we find such a man as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is?
ثُمَّ قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ لِيُوسُفَ: «بَعْدَ مَا أَعْلَمَكَ ٱللهُ كُلَّ هَذَا، لَيْسَ بَصِيرٌ وَحَكِيمٌ مِثْلَكَ. ٣٩ 39
And Pharaoh said to Joseph, Forasmuch as God hath shown thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art:
أَنْتَ تَكُونُ عَلَى بَيْتِي، وَعَلَى فَمِكَ يُقَبِّلُ جَمِيعُ شَعْبِي إِلَا إِنَّ ٱلْكُرْسِيَّ أَكُونُ فِيهِ أَعْظَمَ مِنْكَ». ٤٠ 40
Thou shalt be over my house, and according to thy word shall all my people be ruled: only in the throne will I be greater than thou.
ثُمَّ قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ لِيُوسُفَ: «ٱنْظُرْ، قَدْ جَعَلْتُكَ عَلَى كُلِّ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ». ٤١ 41
And Pharaoh said to Joseph, See, I have set thee over all the land of Egypt.
وَخَلَعَ فِرْعَوْنُ خَاتِمَهُ مِنْ يَدِهِ وَجَعَلَهُ فِي يَدِ يُوسُفَ، وَأَلْبَسَهُ ثِيَابَ بُوصٍ، وَوَضَعَ طَوْقَ ذَهَبٍ فِي عُنُقِهِ، ٤٢ 42
And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand, and put it upon Joseph’s hand, and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck;
وَأَرْكَبَهُ فِي مَرْكَبَتِهِ ٱلْثَّانِيَةِ، وَنَادَوْا أَمَامَهُ «ٱرْكَعُوا». وَجَعَلَهُ عَلَى كُلِّ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. ٤٣ 43
And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, Bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt.
وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ لِيُوسُفَ: «أَنَا فِرْعَوْنُ. فَبِدُونِكَ لَا يَرْفَعُ إِنْسَانٌ يَدَهُ وَلَا رِجْلَهُ فِي كُلِّ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ». ٤٤ 44
And Pharaoh said to Joseph, I am Pharaoh, and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.
وَدَعَا فِرْعَوْنُ ٱسْمَ يُوسُفَ «صَفْنَاتَ فَعْنِيحَ»، وَأَعْطَاهُ أَسْنَاتَ بِنْتَ فُوطِي فَارَعَ كَاهِنِ أُونَ زَوْجَةً. فَخَرَجَ يُوسُفُ عَلَى أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. ٤٥ 45
And Pharaoh called Joseph’s name Zaphnathpaaneah; and he gave him for a wife Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On. And Joseph went over all the land of Egypt.
وَكَانَ يُوسُفُ ٱبْنَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً لَمَّا وَقَفَ قُدَّامَ فِرْعَوْنَ مَلِكِ مِصْرَ. فَخَرَجَ يُوسُفُ مِنْ لَدُنْ فِرْعَوْنَ وَٱجْتَازَ فِي كُلِّ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. ٤٦ 46
And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt.
وَأَثْمَرَتِ ٱلْأَرْضُ فِي سَبْعِ سِنِي ٱلشِّبَعِ بِحُزَمٍ. ٤٧ 47
And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls.
فَجَمَعَ كُلَّ طَعَامِ ٱلسَّبْعِ سِنِينَ ٱلَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي أَرْضِ مِصْرَ، وَجَعَلَ طَعَامًا فِي ٱلْمُدُنِ. طَعَامَ حَقْلِ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ ٱلَّذِي حَوَالَيْهَا جَعَلَهُ فِيهَا. ٤٨ 48
And he gathered all the food of the seven years, which were in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities: the food of the field, which was surrounding every city, he laid up in the same.
وَخَزَنَ يُوسُفُ قَمْحًا كَرَمْلِ ٱلْبَحْرِ، كَثِيرًا جِدًّا حَتَّى تَرَكَ ٱلْعَدَدَ، إِذْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَدَدٌ. ٤٩ 49
And Joseph gathered grain as the sand of the sea, very much, until he finished numbering; for it was without number.
وَوُلِدَ لِيُوسُفَ ٱبْنَانِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ سَنَةُ ٱلْجُوعِ، وَلَدَتْهُمَا لَهُ أَسْنَاتُ بِنْتُ فُوطِي فَارَعَ كَاهِنِ أُونَ. ٥٠ 50
And to Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On bore to him.
وَدَعَا يُوسُفُ ٱسْمَ ٱلْبِكْرِ «مَنَسَّى» قَائِلًا: «لِأَنَّ ٱللهَ أَنْسَانِي كُلَّ تَعَبِي وَكُلَّ بَيْتِ أَبِي». ٥١ 51
And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: For God, said he, hath made me forget all my toil, and all my father’s house.
وَدَعَا ٱسْمَ ٱلثَّانِى «أَفْرَايِمَ» قَائِلًا: «لِأَنَّ ٱللهَ جَعَلَنِي مُثْمِرًا فِي أَرْضِ مَذَلَّتِي». ٥٢ 52
And the name of the second called he Ephraim: For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.
ثُمَّ كَمِلَتْ سَبْعُ سِنِي ٱلشِّبَعِ ٱلَّذِي كَانَ فِي أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. ٥٣ 53
And the seven years of plenteousness, that was in the land of Egypt, were ended.
وَٱبْتَدَأَتْ سَبْعُ سِنِي ٱلْجُوعِ تَأْتِي كَمَا قَالَ يُوسُفُ، فَكَانَ جُوعٌ فِي جَمِيعِ ٱلْبُلْدَانِ. وَأَمَّا جَمِيعُ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ فَكَانَ فِيهَا خُبْزٌ. ٥٤ 54
And the seven years of famine began to come, according as Joseph had said: and the famine was in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.
وَلَمَّا جَاعَتْ جَمِيعُ أَرْضِ مِصْرَ وَصَرَخَ ٱلشَّعْبُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ لِأَجْلِ ٱلْخُبْزِ، قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ لِكُلِّ ٱلْمِصْرِيِّينَ: «ٱذْهَبُوا إِلَى يُوسُفَ، وَٱلَّذِي يَقُولُ لَكُمُ ٱفْعَلُوا». ٥٥ 55
And when all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, Go to Joseph; what he saith to you, do.
وَكَانَ ٱلْجُوعُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَجْهِ ٱلْأَرْضِ، وَفَتَحَ يُوسُفُ جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهِ طَعَامٌ وَبَاعَ لِلْمِصْرِيِّينَ. وَٱشْتَدَّ ٱلْجُوعُ فِي أَرْضِ مِصْرَ. ٥٦ 56
And the famine was over all the face of the earth: And Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold to the Egyptians; and the famine became severe in the land of Egypt.
وَجَاءَتْ كُلُّ ٱلْأَرْضِ إِلَى مِصْرَ إِلَى يُوسُفَ لِتَشْتَرِيَ قَمْحًا، لِأَنَّ ٱلْجُوعَ كَانَ شَدِيدًا فِي كُلِّ ٱلْأَرْضِ. ٥٧ 57
And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph to buy grain; because the famine was severe in all lands.

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